Mbiri ya chitukuko cha makandulo ku China

Kandulo ndi chida chowunikira tsiku ndi tsiku chomwe chimatha kuyatsidwa kuti chipange kuwala.Kuonjezera apo, kugwiritsa ntchito makandulo kulinso kwakukulu: mu kandulo ya kubadwa, ndi mtundu wa chida chowunikira tsiku ndi tsiku, chikhoza kuwotchedwa kuti chitulutse kuwala.Kuphatikiza apo,makanduloali ndi ntchito zosiyanasiyana: m'masiku obadwa, maphwando, zikondwerero zachipembedzo, kulira kwamagulu, zochitika zaukwati zofiira ndi zoyera ndi ntchito zina zofunika.

Chigawo chachikulu cha makandulo amakono ndi sera ya parafini, yomwe imasungunuka mosavuta ndipo imakhala yochepa kwambiri kuposa madzi koma osasungunuka m'madzi.Kusungunuka kwa kutentha kwa madzi, kosawoneka bwino komanso kutentha pang'ono, kumatha kununkhiza fungo lapadera la parafini.Kuzizira kumalimba kukhala kolimba koyera ndi kafungo kakang'ono.Idayengedwa kuchokera ku petroleum pambuyo pa 1800.

The zipangizo oyambiriramakandulomakamaka sera yachikasu ndi sera yoyera.Sera yachikasu ndi phula, sera yoyera ndi sera yotulutsidwa ndi chiswe.